The Saffarids or the Saffarid dynasty
(Persian:
سلسله صفاریان), was a Persian empire which
ruled in Sistan (861-1003), a historical
region in southeastern Iran, southwestern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan.
. Their capital was Zaranj, located in present day Afghanistan.
The dynasty was founded by – and took its name from – Ya'qub
bin Laith as-Saffar, a man of humble origins who rose from an obscure beginning
as a coppersmith (saffar) to become a warlord. He seized control of the
Seistan region, conquering all of Afghanistan, modern-day eastern Iran, and
parts of Pakistan. Using their capital (Zaranj) as base for an aggressive
expansion eastwards and westwards, they overthrew the Tahirid dynasty and
annexed Khorasan in 873. By the time of Ya'qub's death, he had conquered Kabul
Valley, Sindh, Tocharistan, Makran (Balochistan), Kerman, Fars, Khorasan, and
nearly reached Baghdad but then suffered defeat.